An Outline History of the Ancient Near East
Egypt (c.3050-00-646)
| Physical Geography of Egypt |
| Prehistory (700 kya-c.3050 BC) |
| The Nile |
| Palaeolithic Period (700-7 kya) |
| Saharan Neolithic Period (c.8800-c.4700 BC) |
| Predynastic Period (c.5300-c.3050 BC) |
| Early Dynastic Period (c.3050-c.2686 BC) |
| Old Kingdom (c.2686-c.2160 BC) |
| First Intermediate Period (c.2160-c.2055 BC) |
| Middle Kingdom (c.2055-c.1650 BC) |
| Introduction |
| Nubia |
| Second Intermediate Period (c.1650-c.1550 BC) |
| New Kingdom (c.1550-c.1069 BC) |
| Thutmosids |
| Ramessids, Sea People |
| Third Intermediate Period (c.1069-664 BC): Thebesand Tanis, Libyans, Nubians, Assyrians |
| Late Period (664-332 BC) |
| Saites |
| Persians and Greeks |
| Graeco-Roman Period (332-00-395) |
| Macedonian Dynasty, Ptolemaic Dynasty |
| Roman Period (30-00-395) |
| Byzantine Period (395-646) |
Mesopotamia (c.2900-00-637)
| Physical Geography of Mesopotamia |
| Prehistory (120 kya-3000 BC) |
| Palaeolithic Period, Mesolithic Period |
| Neolithic Period, Predynastic Period |
| Early Dynastic Period (c.2900-c.2270 BC); KishI-IV, Uruk I-III, UrI- II, Lagash-I and Umma |
| AkkadPeriod (c.2270-c.2083 BC) |
| Gutian Period, UrIII Period (c.2141-c.1940 BC) |
| Larsa-Isin Period (c.1940-c.1728 BC) |
| Eshnunna, Assur, Mari and the Northern Kingdom |
| Old Babylonian Period (c.1830-c.1531 BC): Hammurabi, Hammurabi’s Successors |
| Middle Babylonian Period (c.1531-729 BC), Kassites, Post-Kassite Rule |
| Assyrian Period (729-627 BC) |
| Neo-Babylonian Period (627-539 BC): Nabopolassar, Nebuchadnezzar II, Fall of Babylon |
| Achaemenid Period (539-331 BC) |
| Greek Period (331-129 BC), Seleucus-I |
| Parthian Period (129-00-224) |
| Sassanian Period (224-637) |
Assyria (c.2000-608 BC)
| Physical Geography of Assyria, Prehistory of Assyria |
| Old Assyrian Period (c.2000-c.1353 BC) |
| Middle Assyrian Period (c.1353-935 BC) |
| Neo-Assyrian Period (935-608 BC): Fall of Nineveh |
Asia Minor (c.9600-00-1453)
| Physical Geography of Asia Minor |
| Prehistory (c.9600-c.3300 BC) |
| Palaeolithic Period (1000-11.6 kya) |
| Neolithic Period (c.9600-c.6000 BC) |
| Chalcolithic Period (c.6000-c.3300 BC) |
| Bronze Age (c.3300-c.1200 BC) |
| Introduction |
| Hittites |
| Mitanni (c.1500-c.1245 BC) |
| Troy (c.3000-c.100 BC) |
| Iron Age (c.1200-546 BC) |
| Greek Migrations, Neo-Hittites |
| Nairi and Urartu (c.1260-c.580 BC) |
| Greek Colonisation (c.750-c.550 BC) |
| Lydia |
| Caria |
| Phrygia, Lycia |
| Achaemenid Period (546-333 BC) |
| Introduction |
| Ionian Revolt (499-493 BC) |
| Greek Period (333-190 BC) |
| Introduction |
| Antigonus-I (c.81; r.306-301 BC) and Lysimachus (79; r.305-281 BC) |
| Pergamum (281-129 BC) |
| Bithynia (376-74 BC) |
| Galatia (278-25 BC) |
| Cappadocia (331-00-17) |
| Pontus (302-00-64) |
| Commagene (163-00-72) |
| Armenia (570-00-114) |
| Roman Period (190-00-395) |
| Byzantine Period (395-1453) |
Syria (c.3300-00-637)
| Physical Geography of Syria |
| Prehistory of Syria |
| Bronze Age (c.3300-c.1200 BC) |
| Ebla and Mari |
| Amorites (c.2000-c.1531 BC) |
| Mitanni (c.1500-1260 BC) |
| Iron Age (c.1200-539 BC), Aramaeans |
| Achaemenid Period, Greek Period; Seleucids |
| Roman Period (63-00-395) |
| Byzantine Period (395-637) |
Phoenicia (c.3300-00-637)
| Physical Geography of Phoenicia |
| Prehistory |
| Bronze Age (c.3300-c.1200 BC) |
| Iron Age (c.1200-539 BC): Tyre, Assyrians, Babylonians |
| Achaemenid Period (539-332 BC); Cyprus, Sidon |
| Greek Period (332-65 BC) |
| Roman Period (63-00-395) |
| Byzantine Period (395-637) |
Palestine (c.3300-00-638)
| Physical Geography of Palestine |
| Prehistory of Palestine |
| Bronze Age (c.3300-c.1200 BC) |
| Introduction |
| Canaanites (c.2000-c.1200 BC) |
| Iron Age (c.1200-539 BC) |
| Israelites, Judges |
| Philistines (c.1175-732 BC) |
| United Monarchy (c.1030-c.931 BC); House of Saul, House of David |
| Divided Monarchy; Houses of Jeroboam, Baasha, Zimri, Omri, Jehu, Shallum and Menahem, Pekah and Hoshea |
| Fall of Judah (586 BC) |
| Achaemenid Period (539-331 BC) |
| Greek Period (333-63 BC) |
| Introduction |
| Hasmonean (Maccabean) Dynasty (167-37 BC) |
| Nabataeans (312-00-106) |
| Roman Period (63-00-395) |
| Herodian Dynasty (37-00-92) |
| Herod the Great |
| Jesus of Nazareth (c.5-00-c.33) |
| Peter the Fisherman, Paul of Tarsus |
| Jewish Revolts; First, Kitos, Bar Kokhba, Against Gallus |
| Constantine-I the Great (65; r.306-337) |
| Byzantine Period (395-638), Samaritan Revolts (484-572) |
Persia (c.3200-00-651)
| Physical Geography of Persia |
| Prehistory; Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods |
| Elamite Period (c.3200-539 BC); Awan, Simashki, Epartid, Kidinuid, Igehalkid, Shutrukid, and Humban-Tahrid Dynasties |
| Median Period (728-549 BC) |
| Achaemenid Period (549-330 BC) |
| Cyrus II the Great |
| Cambyses II (r.530-522 BC) |
| Darius-I (c.64; r.522-486 BC) |
| Xerxes-I (c.54; r.486-465 BC) |
| Later Achaemenids |
| Greek Period (330-238 BC) |
| Parthian Arsacid Dynasty (238-00-224) |
| Introduction |
| Armenia and Rome |
| Sassanid Dynasty (224-651) |
| Introduction |
| Byzantium |
| Appendices |
| Chronology (2500 kya-AD 1453) |
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