ANCIENT NEAR EAST: CONTENTS

A Note on Chronology

An Outline History of the Ancient Near East

Egypt (c.3050-00-646)

Physical Geography of Egypt

Prehistory (700 kya-c.3050 BC)

The Nile

Palaeolithic Period (700-7 kya)

Saharan Neolithic Period (c.8800-c.4700 BC)

Predynastic Period (c.5300-c.3050 BC)

Early Dynastic Period (c.3050-c.2686 BC)

Old Kingdom (c.2686-c.2160 BC)

First Intermediate Period (c.2160-c.2055 BC)

Middle Kingdom (c.2055-c.1650 BC)

Introduction

Nubia

Second Intermediate Period (c.1650-c.1550 BC)

New Kingdom (c.1550-c.1069 BC)

Thutmosids

Ramessids, Sea People

Third Intermediate Period (c.1069-664 BC): Thebesand Tanis, Libyans, Nubians, Assyrians

Late Period (664-332 BC)

Saites

Persians and Greeks

Graeco-Roman Period (332-00-395)

Macedonian Dynasty, Ptolemaic Dynasty

Roman Period  (30-00-395)

Byzantine Period (395-646)

Mesopotamia (c.2900-00-637)

Physical Geography of Mesopotamia

Prehistory (120 kya-3000 BC)

Palaeolithic Period, Mesolithic Period

Neolithic Period, Predynastic Period

Early Dynastic Period (c.2900-c.2270 BC); KishI-IV, Uruk I-III, UrI- II, Lagash-I and Umma

AkkadPeriod (c.2270-c.2083 BC)

Gutian Period, UrIII Period (c.2141-c.1940 BC)

Larsa-Isin Period (c.1940-c.1728 BC)

Introduction

Eshnunna, Assur, Mari and the Northern Kingdom

Old Babylonian Period (c.1830-c.1531 BC): Hammurabi, Hammurabi’s Successors

Middle Babylonian Period (c.1531-729 BC), Kassites, Post-Kassite Rule

Assyrian Period (729-627 BC)

Neo-Babylonian Period (627-539 BC): Nabopolassar, Nebuchadnezzar II, Fall of Babylon

Achaemenid Period (539-331 BC)

Greek Period (331-129 BC),  Seleucus-I

Parthian Period (129-00-224)

Sassanian Period (224-637)

Assyria (c.2000-608 BC)

Physical Geography of Assyria, Prehistory of Assyria

Old Assyrian Period (c.2000-c.1353 BC)

Middle Assyrian Period (c.1353-935 BC)

Neo-Assyrian Period (935-608 BC): Fall of Nineveh

Asia Minor (c.9600-00-1453)

Physical Geography of Asia Minor

Prehistory (c.9600-c.3300 BC)

Palaeolithic Period (1000-11.6 kya)

Neolithic Period (c.9600-c.6000 BC)

Chalcolithic Period (c.6000-c.3300 BC)

Bronze Age (c.3300-c.1200 BC)

Introduction

Hittites

Mitanni (c.1500-c.1245 BC)

Troy (c.3000-c.100 BC)

Iron Age (c.1200-546 BC)

Greek Migrations, Neo-Hittites

Nairi and Urartu (c.1260-c.580 BC)

Greek Colonisation (c.750-c.550 BC)

Lydia

Caria

Phrygia, Lycia

Achaemenid Period (546-333 BC)

Introduction

Ionian Revolt (499-493 BC)

Greek Period (333-190 BC)

Introduction

Antigonus-I (c.81; r.306-301 BC) and Lysimachus (79; r.305-281 BC)

Pergamum (281-129 BC)

Bithynia (376-74 BC)

Galatia (278-25 BC)

Cappadocia (331-00-17)

Pontus (302-00-64)

Commagene (163-00-72)

Armenia (570-00-114)

Roman Period (190-00-395)

Byzantine Period (395-1453)

Syria (c.3300-00-637)

Physical Geography of Syria

Prehistory of  Syria

Bronze Age (c.3300-c.1200 BC)

Ebla and Mari

Amorites (c.2000-c.1531 BC)

Mitanni (c.1500-1260 BC)

Iron Age (c.1200-539 BC), Aramaeans

Achaemenid Period, Greek Period; Seleucids

Roman Period (63-00-395)

Byzantine Period (395-637)

Phoenicia (c.3300-00-637)

Physical Geography of Phoenicia

Prehistory

Bronze Age (c.3300-c.1200 BC)

Iron Age (c.1200-539 BC): Tyre, Assyrians, Babylonians

Achaemenid Period (539-332 BC); Cyprus, Sidon

Greek Period (332-65 BC)

Roman Period (63-00-395)

Byzantine Period (395-637)

Palestine (c.3300-00-638)

Physical Geography of Palestine

Prehistory of Palestine

Bronze Age (c.3300-c.1200 BC)

Introduction

Canaanites (c.2000-c.1200 BC)

Iron Age (c.1200-539 BC)

Israelites, Judges

Philistines (c.1175-732 BC)

United Monarchy (c.1030-c.931 BC); House of Saul, House of David

Divided Monarchy; Houses of Jeroboam, Baasha, Zimri, Omri, Jehu, Shallum and Menahem, Pekah and Hoshea

Fall of Judah (586 BC)

Achaemenid Period (539-331 BC)

Greek Period (333-63 BC)

Introduction

Hasmonean (Maccabean) Dynasty (167-37 BC)

Nabataeans (312-00-106)

Roman Period (63-00-395)

Herodian Dynasty (37-00-92)

Herod the Great

Jesus of Nazareth (c.5-00-c.33)

Peter the Fisherman, Paul of Tarsus

Jewish Revolts; First, Kitos, Bar Kokhba, Against Gallus

Constantine-I the Great (65; r.306-337)

Byzantine Period (395-638), Samaritan Revolts (484-572)

Persia (c.3200-00-651)

Physical Geography of Persia

Prehistory; Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods

Elamite Period (c.3200-539 BC); Awan, Simashki, Epartid, Kidinuid, Igehalkid, Shutrukid, and Humban-Tahrid  Dynasties

Median Period (728-549 BC)

Achaemenid Period (549-330 BC)

Cyrus II the Great

Cambyses II (r.530-522 BC)

Darius-I (c.64; r.522-486 BC)

Xerxes-I (c.54; r.486-465 BC)

Later Achaemenids

Greek Period (330-238 BC)

Parthian Arsacid Dynasty (238-00-224)

Introduction

Armenia and Rome

Sassanid Dynasty (224-651)

Introduction

Byzantium

Appendices

Chronology (2500 kya-AD 1453)