Britannic Revolt (406-407)
The Britannic army, weakened by troop withdrawals and apparently alarmed that the tribes that were poised to attack Roman Gaul would also invade Britain, proclaimed one of their number, Marcus (fl.406), augustus. When he failed to do what the troops wanted they soon replaced him by a civilian, Gratian (fl.406), who lasted only a few months until the army replaced him by another soldier, Flavius (54) Claudius Constantinus, the future Constantine III (r.409-411).
End of Roman Imperial Rule in Britain (409-410)
On 31 December 406 the Alani, Suebi and Vandals crossed the Rhine near Moguntiacum/Mainz and began to lay waste to Gaul. In 407 Constantine took his army across to Gaul but, as the British army was largely recruited locally, in order to placate his supporters he probably had to leave sufficient numbers behind to properly garrison his base.
In 409 the barbarians across the Rhine attacked everywhere (the larger part of Constantine’s army being in Spain) and brought the people of Britain and Gaul to the point where they revolted from Roman rule and no longer obeyed Roman laws. They took up arms and freed the cities from the barbarian pressure; expelling the Roman officials and setting up their own administrations as best as they could.
By 410 the western emperor Honorius (38; r.393-423) may have told the Romano-British who ran the British towns to look after its own affairs and expect no aid from Rome, although it has been argued that the order was sent to the people of Bruttium in Italy, not Britain
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