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      • Early Dynastic Period (c.2900-c.2270 BC)
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    • Dark Age (c.1100-c.750 BC)
    • Early Archaic Period c.750-546 BC)
      • Homer and Hesiod
      • Panhellenism and Tyranny
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      • Orientalizing Period (c.720-c.620 BC)
      • Central Greece
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      • Persian Wars (499-449 BC)
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      • Delian League (478-454 BC)
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      • Thirty Years’ Treaty (446-431 BC)
      • Second (=Great) Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC)
        • Archidamian War (431-421 BC)
        • Interlude
        • Decelean (=Ionian) War (413-404 BC)
    • Late Classical period (404-323 BC)
      • Second Siciliian War (410-367 BC)
      • Spartan Hegemony (404-386 BC)
      • Decline of Sparta (386-371 BC)
      • Theban Hegenomy (371-362 BC)
      • Philip II of Macedon (46; r.359-336 BC)
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      • Alexander III the Great (32; r.336-323 BC)
    • Hellenistic Period (323-146 BC)
      • Rebellion in Greece, Lamian War (323-321 BC)
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      • Sulla (c.60; fl.106-78 BC)
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        • Maximinus-I Thrax, Gordian, Gordian II, Balbinus, Pupienus
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        • Valerian
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        • Claudius II Gothicus
        • Aurelian
        • Tacitus, Florianus, Probus
        • Carus
        • Numerian, Carinus
    • Late Roman Empire (284-476)
      • Diocletian Tetrarchy (293-305)
      • Constantinian Dynasty (305-364)
        • Tetrarchic Wars (306-324)
        • Constantine II, Constans, Constantius II
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        • Valens, Valentinian II
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        • Honorus
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      • Restoration (425-455)
        • Marcian (450-457)
      • Non-dynastic (455-476) (W) and the Leonid Dynasty (455-518) (E)
        • Libius Severus, Anthemius
        • Olybrius, Glycerius, Leo II, Zeno [1/2], Julius Nepos, Romulus Augustulus, Basiliscus, Zeno [2/2]
  • Home
  • Astronomy
    • Chronology
      • Observatories
      • Ancient Era-Modern Era
    • Basics
      • Apparent Motions of the Sun and Stars
      • Ecliptic
      • Solar System
      • Motions of the Planets
      • Conjunction and Opposition
      • Equinoxes and Solstices
      • Precession and Nutation
      • Zodiac
      • Calendars
    • Ancient Astronomy (11th century BC-11th century AD)
      • Western Europe
      • Mesopotamia
      • Egypt
      • Greek
      • Rome
      • India
      • China
      • Mesoamerica
      • Islam
    • Medieval European Astronomy (11th-15th Centuries)
    • Astronomy during the Renaissance (15th-17th Centuries)
      • Regiomontanus (1436-1476)
      • Johannes Kepler (1571-1630
    • Modern Astronomy (17th Century-present)
      • 17th Century
        • Distances to the Stars
      • 18th Century
        • Halley’s Comet
        • Longitude
        • Proper Motion
      • 19th Century
        • Magnitude
        • Doppler Effect
      • 20th Century
        • Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
        • Black Holes
  • Before history
    • Earth and the Universe
      • Creation of the Universe
      • Space-Time
      • Dark Matter and Dark Energy
    • Archaeology
      • Chronology
      • Greece and Rome
      • India and China
    • Geological Time (4560 kya-present)
      • Fossils and Dating
      • Continental Drift, Supercontinents
    • Evolution of Life (4560 mya-present)
      • Chronology
      • Precambrian Superion (4560-541 mya)
        • Hadean Eon (4560-4000 mya)
        • Archaean Eon (4000-2500 mya)
        • Proterozoic Eon (2500-541 mya)
      • Palaeozoic Era (541-252 mya)
        • Ordovician Period (485-444 mya)
        • Silurian Period (444-419 mya)
      • Mesozoic Era (252-66 mya)
      • Cenozoic Era (66 mya-present)
    • Evolution of Man (66,000-200 kya)
    • Prehistory (2700 kya-3500 BC)
      • Stone Ages (2700-8.5 kya)
      • Metal Ages (5500 BC-AD 800)
  • Ancient Europe
    • Outline History
    • chronology
    • Geological History (4560 kya – present)
    • Physical Geography
    • Prehistory (1400 kya-3500 BC)
      • Mesolithic (7000-2500 BC)
    • Metal Ages (3500 BC-AD 800)
    • Northwest Europe (9700 BC-AD 410)
      • Greenland
      • Iceland
      • Ireland
        • Chronology
      • Scotland
      • Wales
      • England
    • Northern Europe (9700 BC-AD 410)
      • Introduction
      • Denmark
      • Norway
      • Sweden
  • Ancient Near East
    • Outline History
    • Chronology
    • Bronze Age (3200-1200 BC)
    • Egypt (3050 BC-AD 642)
      • prehistory (700 kya-c.3050 BC)
      • Predynastic Period (c.5300-c.3050 BC)
      • Early Dynastic Period (c.3050-c.2686 BC)
      • Middle Kingdom (c.2055-c.1650 BC)
      • Late Period (664-332 BC)
      • Graeco-Roman Period (332-395)
    • Mesopotamia (2900 BC-AD 637)
      • Prehistory (120 kya-3000 BC)
      • Early Dynastic Period (c.2900-c.2270 BC)
      • Old Babylonian Period (c.1830-c.1531 BC)
      • Assyrian Period (729-627 BC)
      • Achaemenid Period (539-331 BC)
    • Assyria (2000-608 BC)
      • Neo-Assyrian Period (935-608 BC)
    • Asia Minor (3300 BC-AD 1453)
      • Iron Age (c.1200-546 BC)
      • Greek Period (333-190 BC)
      • Roman Period (190 BC-AD 395)
    • Syria (3300 BC-AD 637)
      • Bronze Age (c.3300-c.1200 BC)
      • Iron Age (c.1200-539 BC)
      • Roman Period (63 BC-AD-395)
    • Phoenicia (3300 BC-AD 637)
      • Achaemenid Period (539-332-BC)
    • Palestine (3300 BC-AD 638)
      • Bronze age (c.3300-c.1200 BC)
      • Iron Age (c.1200-539 BC)
      • Greek Period (333-63 BC)
      • Roman Period (63 BC-AD 395)
    • Persia (3200 BC-AD 651)
      • Prehistory (800 kya-c.3200 BC)
      • Achaemenid Period (550-330 BC)
      • Sassanid Dynasty
  • Ancient Greece
    • Outline History
    • Physical Geography
    • Chronology
    • Prehistory (700 kya-c.1350 BC)
    • Bronze Age (c.3000-c.1100 BC)
      • Cycladic Civilisation (c.3000-c.1100 BC)
      • Minoan Civilisation (c.3650-c.1100 BC)
      • Helladic Period (c.2800-c.1100 BC)
    • Dark Age (c.1100-c.750 BC)
    • Early Archaic Period c.750-546 BC)
      • Homer and Hesiod
      • Panhellenism and Tyranny
      • Rise of the Polis (c.800-c.500 BC)
      • Colonial Expansion (c.750-c.550 BC)
      • Orientalizing Period (c.720-c.620 BC)
      • Central Greece
      • Southern Greece
      • Eastern Aegean
      • Southern Italy
    • Late Archaic Period (546-479 BC)
      • Persian Wars (499-449 BC)
    • Early Classical Period (479-446 BC)
      • Chronology
      • Delian League (478-454 BC)
      • Western Greeks (1/2) (c.580-446 BC)
    • Middle Classical Period (446-404 BC)
      • Thirty Years’ Treaty (446-431 BC)
      • Second (=Great) Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC)
        • Archidamian War (431-421 BC)
        • Interlude
        • Decelean (=Ionian) War (413-404 BC)
    • Late Classical period (404-323 BC)
      • Second Siciliian War (410-367 BC)
      • Spartan Hegemony (404-386 BC)
      • Decline of Sparta (386-371 BC)
      • Theban Hegenomy (371-362 BC)
      • Philip II of Macedon (46; r.359-336 BC)
      • Western Greeks (2/2) (367-331 BC)
      • Alexander III the Great (32; r.336-323 BC)
    • Hellenistic Period (323-146 BC)
      • Rebellion in Greece, Lamian War (323-321 BC)
      • Diadochian Wars (322-276 BC)
      • Antigonid Era (276-146 BC)
    • Roman Period (146 BC-AD 395)
    • Byzantine Period (395-1453)
  • Roman Republic
    • Outline History
    • Physical Geography
    • Chronology
      • Roman Family Names
      • Carthaginian Leaders
    • Prehistory (850 kya-2300 BC)
    • Bronze Age (2300-1150 BC)
    • Pre-Roman Iron Age (c.900-509 BC)
      • Regal Rome (c.753-509 BC)
        • Chronology
        • Traditional Story
    • Early Roman Republic (509-264 BC)
      • Assemblies
      • Conflict of the Orders (485-287 BC)
      • Roman Conquest of Italy (505-264 BC)
    • Middle Roman Republic (264-133 BC)
      • First Punic War (264-241 BC)
      • First Punic War (264-241 BC)
      • Between the First and Second Punic Wars (241-218 BC)
      • Second Punic War (218-201 BC)
      • Eastern Mediterranean (204-146 BC)
      • Western Mediterranean (206-146 BC)
    • Late Roman Republic (133-27 BC)
      • Society [3/4]
      • Gracchan Reforms (133-121 BC)
      • Gaius Marius (70; fl.133-86 BC)
      • Sulla (c.60; fl.106-78 BC)
      • Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (=Pompey; 58; fl.82-48 BC)
      • Julius Caesar (=Caesar; 56; fl.85-44 BC)
      • Gaius Octavius (76; fl.47 BC AD-14)
  • Roman Empire
    • Outline History
    • Chronology
      • Roman Emperors (27 BC-AD 476)
      • Roman Usurpers (41 BC-AD 486)
    • Early Roman Empire (27 BC-AD 193)
      • Julio-Claudian Dynasty (27 BC-68 AD)
      • Flavian Dynasty (69-96)
      • Nervan-Antonine Dynasty (96-193)
    • Middle Roman Empire (193-284)
      • Severan Dynasty (193-211, 218-235)
      • Military Anarchy (235-284)
        • Maximinus-I Thrax, Gordian, Gordian II, Balbinus, Pupienus
        • Philip-I The Arab, Philip II
        • Decius, Herennius Etruscus
        • Hostilian, Trebonianus Gallus, Volusianus, Aemilianus
        • Valerian
        • Gallienus, Saloninus
        • Claudius II Gothicus
        • Aurelian
        • Tacitus, Florianus, Probus
        • Carus
        • Numerian, Carinus
    • Late Roman Empire (284-476)
      • Diocletian Tetrarchy (293-305)
      • Constantinian Dynasty (305-364)
        • Tetrarchic Wars (306-324)
        • Constantine II, Constans, Constantius II
      • Valentinian-Theodosian Dynasty (364-455)
        • Valens, Valentinian II
      • Interregnum (392–425)
        • Honorus
        • Theodosius II
        • Constantine III, Constans II, Constantius III
        • Valentinian III
      • Restoration (425-455)
        • Marcian (450-457)
      • Non-dynastic (455-476) (W) and the Leonid Dynasty (455-518) (E)
        • Libius Severus, Anthemius
        • Olybrius, Glycerius, Leo II, Zeno [1/2], Julius Nepos, Romulus Augustulus, Basiliscus, Zeno [2/2]

Category: Mesopotamia (2900 BC-AD 637)

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Ancient Near East, Assyrian Period (729-627 BC), Mesopotamia (2900 BC-AD 637)

Ancient Near East, Mesopotamia: Assyrian Period (729-627 BC)

June 1, 2025 — 0 Comments

Ancient Near East, Achaemenid Period (539-331 BC)

Ancient Near East, Mesopotamia: Achaemenid Period (539-331 BC)

March 18, 2025 — 0 Comments

Ancient Near East, Early Dynastic Period (c.2900-c.2270 BC), Mesopotamia (2900 BC-AD 637)

Ancient Near East, Mesopotamia: Early Dynastic Period (c.2900-c.2270 BC); Kish I-IV, Uruk I-III, Ur I- II, Lagash-I and Umma

March 17, 2025 — 0 Comments

Ancient Near East, Mesopotamia (2900 BC-AD 637), Prehistory (120 kya-3000 BC)

Ancient Near East, Mesopotamia, Prehistory: Palaeolithic Period (500 kya-7000 BC), Mesolithic Period (c.9000-c.7000 BC)

January 21, 2025 — 0 Comments

Ancient Near East, Mesopotamia (2900 BC-AD 637), Old Babylonian Period (c.1830-c.1531 BC)

Ancient Near East, Mesopotamia, Old Babylonian Period (c.1830-c.1531 BC): Hammurabi, Hammurabi’s Successors

November 17, 2024 — 0 Comments

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