| Deuterostomia (a1)>Chordata (a2)> |
| NOTOCHORD |
| 14. CEPHALOCHORDATA (a3)> |
| Subphylum (a3)> |
| Family: Pikaiidae (d2): pikaians. |
| Class: Leptocardii (b2)> |
| Order: Amphioxiformes (c2): lancelets. |
| |
| 15. TURNICATA (a3) |
| |
| Vertebrata (a3)> |
| BACKBONE |
| 16. AGNATHA (b1)> |
| jawless fish (extinct) |
| Family: Haikouellidae (d2): haikouella. |
| Myllokunmingiida (c2): myllokunmingia. |
| Class: Conodonta (b2): conodonts. |
| Class: Galeaspida (b2): galeaspids. |
| Class: Osteostraci (b2): osteostracans. |
| Class: Pituriaspida (b2): pituriaspids |
| Class (b2): Pteraspidomorphi. |
| |
| 17. CYCLOSTOMATA (b1)> |
| jawless fish (extant) |
| Class: Hyperoartia (b2)> |
| Order: Petromyzontiformes (c2): lampreys. |
| Class: Myxini (b2)> |
| Order: Myxiniformes (c2): hagfish. |
| 18. GNATHOSTOMATA (a4)> |
| jawed vertebrates |
| Class: Acanthodii (b2): ‘spiny’ sharks. |
| Class: Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish)> |
| Subclass: Elasmobranchii (b3)> |
| Superorder (c1): Batoidea (rays)> |
| Order: Myliobatiformes (c2): stingrays. |
| Order: Rajiformes (c2): skates. |
| Order: Torpediniformes (c2): electric rays. |
| Order: Rhinopristiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Pristidae (d2): sawfish. |
| Infraclass: Euselachii (b4)> |
| Superorder: Selachimorpha (c1): sharks. |
| Order: Squaliformes (c2): dogfish. |
| Subclass: Holocephali (b3)> |
| Order: Chimaeriformes (c2): chimaeras. |
| Class: Placodermi (b2): armoured fish. |
| Order: Antiarchi (c2): armoured fish. |
| Order: Arthrodira (c2)> |
| Superfamily: Dunkleosteoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Dunkleosteidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Dunkleosteus. |
| |
| 19. OSTEICHTHYES (b1)> |
| bony fish |
| Class: Actinopterygii: ray-finned fish (b2)> |
| Superorder: Acanthopterygii (c1)> |
| Order: Beloniformes (c2): flyingfish. |
| Order: Istiophoriformes (c2)> |
| Family: Xiphiidae (d2): swordfish. |
| Order: Mugiliformes (c2): mullets. |
| Order: Perciformes (c2)> |
| Family: Serranidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Epinephelinae (d3): groupers. |
| Order: Pleuronectiformes: flatfish (c2)> |
| Family: Scophthalmidae (d2): turbots. |
| Family: Soleidae (d2): true soles. |
| Order: Gasterosteiformes: sticklebacks. |
| Order: Scombriformes (c2)> |
| Family: Scombridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Scombrinae (d3)> |
| Tribe: Scombrini (e2): true mackerels. |
| Tribe: Thunnini (e2): tuna. |
| Order: Syngnathiformes (c2): seahorses. |
| Subclass: Chondrostei (b3)> |
| Order: Acipenseriformes (c2)> |
| Family: Acipenseridae (d2): sturgeons. |
| Family: Polyodontidae (d2): paddlefish. |
| Order: Polypteriformes (c2)> |
| Family: Polypteridae (d2)> |
| Genus: Erpetoichthys (f2): reedfish. |
| Genus: Polypterus (f2): bichirs. |
| Subclass: Neopterygii (b2)> |
| Infraclass: Holostei (b4)> |
| Order: Amiiformes (c2): bowfins. |
| Order: Lepisosteiformes (c2): gars. |
| Infraclass: Teleostei (b4)> |
| Superorder: Clupeomorpha (c1)> |
| Order: Clupeiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Clupeidae (herrings, sardines)> |
| Subfamily: Alosinae (d3): shads. |
| Family: Engraulidae (d2): anchovies. |
| Superorder: Elopomorpha (c1)> |
| Order: Anguilliformes (c2): eels. |
| Superorder: Ostariophysi (c1)> |
| Order: Characiformes: characins (c2)> |
| Family: Alestidae (d2): tetras. |
| Family: Lebiasinidae (d2): pencil fish. |
| Family: Serrasalmidae (d2): piranhas. |
| Order: Cypriniformes (c2)> |
| Family: Cobitidae (d2): true loaches. |
| Family (d2): Cyprinidae (carp family)> |
| Subfamily: Leuciscinae (d3): true minnows |
| Order: Gonorynchiformes (c2): milkfish. |
| Order: Gymnotiformes (c2): knifefish. |
| Family: Gymnotidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Electrophorus (f2)> |
| Species: E. electricus: electric eels. |
| Order: Siluriformes (c2): catfish. |
| Superorder: Paracanthopterygii (c1)> |
| Order: Gadiformes (c2): cod. |
| Order: Percopsiformes (c2): trout-perch. |
| Superorder: Protacanthopterygii (c1)> |
| Order: Esociformes (c2)> |
| Family: Esocidae (d2): pikes. |
| Order: Salmoniformes (salmon, trout)> |
| Genus: Ichthyostega (f2): ichthyostegas. |
| Subclass: Actinistia (b3): coelacanths. |
| Order: Coelacanthiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Latimeriidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Latimeria. |
| Subclass: Dipnoi (b3): lungfish. |
| Subclass: Rhipidistia (b3): rhipidistians. |
| |
| Tetrapoda (b1)> |
| FOUR-LIMBED VERTEBRATES |
| 20. AMPHIBIA (b2)> |
| Subclass (b3): Anthracosauria. |
| Subclass: Labyrinthodontia (b3)> |
| Order: Apoda (c2): caecilians. |
| Order: Temnospondyli (c2)> |
| Subclass: Lepospondyli (b3)> |
| Genus: Westlothiana (f2)> |
| Species (g2): Westlothiana lizziae. |
| Order (c2): Microsauria. |
| Subclass: Lissamphibia (b3)> |
| Superorder: Batrachia (c1)> |
| Order: Anura (c2)> |
| Suborder: Neobatrachia (c3)> |
| Family: Bufonidae (d2): true toads. |
| Family: Ranidae (d2): true frogs. |
| Order: Urodela (c2)> |
| Suborder: Salamandroidea (c3)> |
| Family: Salamandridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Pleurodelinae (d3): newts. |
| |
| 21. AVES (b2) |
| FLIGHTLESS BIRDS: |
| Order: Apterygiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Apterygidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Apteryx (f2): kiwis. |
| Order: Casuariiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Casuariidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Casuarius (f2): cassowaries. |
| Genus: Dromaius (f2): emus. |
| Order: Gastornithiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Gastornithidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Gastornis. |
| Order: Rheiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Rheidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Rhea. |
| Order: Sphenisciformes (c2)> |
| Family: Spheniscidae (f2): penguins. |
| Order: Struthioniformes (c2)> |
| Family: Struthionidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Struthio (f2): ostriches. |
| Infraclass: Palaeognathae (b4)> |
| Order: Dinornithiformes (c2): moas. |
| GAMEBIRDS: |
| Order: Galliformes (c2)> |
| Superfamily: Phasianoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Numididae (d2): guineafowl. |
| Family: Phasianidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Meleagridinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Meleagris (f2): turkeys. |
| Subfamily: Perdicinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Perdix (f2): partridges. |
| Subfamily: Phasianinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Phasianinae gallus (f2)> |
| Species: P. g, gallus (g2) red jungle fowl> |
| Subspecies: P. gallus domesticus: chickens |
| Genus: Phasianus (f2)> |
| Species: P. colchicus: common pheasant |
| Subfamily: Tetraoninae (d3): grouse. |
| NOCTURNAL BIRDS: |
| Order: Strigiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Strigidae (d2): true owls. |
| Family: Tytonidae (d2): barn owls. |
| Superorder: Cypselomorphae (c1)> |
| Order: Caprimulgiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Caprimulgidae: nightjars (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Chordeilinae (d3): nighthawks. |
| Family: Steatornithidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Steatornis (f2)> |
| Species: Steatornis caripensis: oilbirds. |
| PERCHING BIRDS: |
| Order: Passeriformes (c2)> |
| Suborder: Passeri (c3)> |
| Infraorder: Passerida (c4)> |
| Superfamily: Certhioidea (d1)> |
| Family: Certhiida (d2): treecreepers. |
| Family: Polioptilidae (d2): gnatcatchers. |
| Family: Sittidae (d2): nuthatches. |
| Family: Troglodytidae (d2): wrens. |
| Superfamily: Corvoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Corvidae: crow family (d2)> |
| Genus: Coloeus (f2): jackdaws. |
| Genus: Corvus (f2)> |
| Species: Corvus corax (g2): ravens. |
| Species: Corvus frugilegus (g2): rooks. |
| Genus: Garrulus (f2): Old World jays. |
| Genus: Pica (f2) |
| Species: Pica (g2): common magpies. |
| Family: Paradisaeidae: birds-of-paradise. |
| Superfamily Muscicapoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Mimidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Mimus (f2): mockingbirds. |
| Family: Sturnidae (d2): starlings. |
| Family: Turdidae: thrushes (d2)> |
| Genus: Turdus: true thrushes (f2)> |
| Species: Turdus merula (g2): blackbirds. |
| Superfamily Passeroidea (d1)> |
| Family: Motacillidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Motacilla (f2): wagtails. |
| Family: Passeridae (d2): sparrows. |
| Superfamily Sylvioidea (d1)> |
| Family: Alaudidae (d2): larks. |
| Family: Hirundinidae (d2): swallows. |
| RAPTORS (birds of prey): |
| Order: Accipitriformes (c2)> |
| Family: Accipitridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Accipitrinae (d3): true hawks. |
| Subfamily: Aegypiinae (d3): vultures (1). |
| Subfamily: Circaetinae (d3): snake eagles. |
| Subfamily: Circinae (d3): harriers. |
| Subfamily: Gypaetinae (d3): vultures (2). |
| Subfamily: Haliaeetinae (d3): sea eagles. |
| Subfamily: Milvinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Milvus (f2): red kites. |
| Subfamily: Polyboroidinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Polyboroides (f2): harrier-hawks. |
| Family: Pandionidae (d2): ospreys. |
| Family: Sagittariidae (d2): secretarybirds. |
| Order: Cathartiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Cathartidae (d2): condors. |
| Order: Falconiformes (c2)> |
| Subfamily: Falconinae (d3): falcons. |
| Subfamily: Polyborinae (d3): caracaras. SEABIRDS: |
| Order: Charadriiformes (c2)> |
| Suborder: Lari (c3)> |
| Family: Alcidae (d2)> |
| Tribe: Alcini:auks (e2)> |
| Genus: Alca (f2): razorbills. |
| Tribe: Cepphini (e2): guillemots. |
| Tribe: Fraterculini (e2): puffins. |
| Family: Laridae: gull family (d2)> |
| Genus: Rynchops (f2): skimmers. |
| Subfamily: Sterninae (d3): terns. |
| Subfamily: Larinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Rissa (f2): kittiwakes. |
| Family Stercorariidae (d2): skuas. |
| Order: Procellariiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Diomedeidae (d2): albatrosses. |
| Family: Hydrobatidae (d2): petrels (1). |
| Family: Oceanitidae (d2): petrels (2). |
| Family: Procellariidae (d2): shearwaters. |
| TROPICAL BIRDS: |
| Order: Bucerotiformes (c2)> |
| Family: Bucerotidae (d2): hornbills. |
| Order: Piciformes |
| Infraorder: Ramphastides (c3)> |
| Family: Ramphastidae (d2): toucans. |
| Order: Psittaciformes (c2)> |
| Superfamily: Cacatuoidea (d1)> |
| Family (d2): Cacatuidae (cockatoos)> |
| Genus: Cacatua (f2)> |
| Subgenus: Licmetis (f3): corellas. |
| Superfamily: Psittacoidea (true parrots)> |
| Family: Psittaculidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Loriinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Melopsittacus (f2): budgerigars. |
| Tribe: Loriini (e2): lorikeets. |
| Superfamily: Strigopoidea (NZ parrots)> Family: Nestoridae (d2)> |
| Genus: Nestor (f2): keas. |
| SHORELINE BIRDS: |
| Order: Ciconiiformes (b2): storks. |
| Order: Charadriiformes (b2)> |
| Suborder: Charadrii (b3)> |
| Family: Charadriidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Charadriinae (d3): plovers. |
| Subfamily: Vanellinae (d3): lapwings. |
| Family: Haematopodidae: oystercatchers. |
| Suborder: Scolopaci (b3)> |
| Family: Scolopacidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Actitis (f2): sandpipers. |
| Genus: Gallinago (f2): snipes. |
| Genus: Numenius (f2): curlews. |
| Genus: Scolopax (f2): woodcocks. |
| Genus: Tringa (f2): shanks, tattlers. |
| Order: Gruiformes (b2)> |
| Family: Rallidae (d2): rails. |
| Genus: Fulica (f2): coots. |
| Order: Pelecaniformes (c2)> |
| Family: Ardeidae (d2): herons. |
| Subfamily: Botaurinae (d3): bitterns. |
| Genus: Egretta (f2): egrets. |
| Order: Pelecaniformes (c2)> |
| Family: Threskiornithidae (d2): ibises. |
| Genus: Platalea (f2): spoonbills. |
| Order: Phoenicopteriformes (c2): flamingos. |
| WATERFOWL: |
| Order: Anseriformes (c2)> |
| Suborder: Anhimae (c3): screamers. |
| Suborder: Anseres (c3)> |
| Superfamily: Anatoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Anatidae: ducks (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Anserinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Branta (f2): black geese. |
| Genus: Chen (f2): white geese. |
| Genus: Cygnus (f2): swans. |
| Tribe: Anatini (e2)> |
| Genus: Anas (f2)> |
| Species: A. platyrhynchos (g2): mallards. |
| Tribe: Anserini (e2)> |
| Genus: Anser (f2) grey geese. |
| Superfamily: Anseranatoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Anseranatidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Anseranas (f2): magpie geese. |
| |
| 22. REPTILIA (b2)> |
| Genus (f2): Hylonomus. |
| Genus (f2): Saurosuchus. |
| Family: Erythrosuchidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Erythrosuchus. |
| Family: Ornithosuchidae (f2)> |
| Genus (f2): Ornithosuchus. |
| Family: Proterosuchidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Archosaurus. |
| Genus (f2): Proterosuchus. |
| Family: Protorothyrididae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Petrolacosaurus. |
| Family: Protosuchidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Protosuchus. |
| Family: Weigeltisauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Coelurosauravus. |
| Order: Crocodilia (c2)> |
| Superfamily: Alligatoroidea (d1)> |
| Family: Alligatoridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Alligatorinae (d1)> |
| Genus: Alligator (g2): alligators. |
| Family: Crocodylidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Crocodylinae (d1)> |
| Genus: Crocodylus (g2): crocodiles. |
| Order: Lagosuchia (c2)> |
| Family: Lagosuchidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Lagosuchus. |
| Order: Phytosauria (c2)> |
| Family: Phytosauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Rutiodon. |
| Order: Procolophonomorpha (c2)> |
| Superfamily: Procolophonoidea (d1)> |
| Family (d2): Procolophonidae. |
| Order: Protorosauria (c2)> |
| Family: Sharovipterygidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Sharovipteryx. |
| Order: Testudines (c2)> |
| Suborder: Cryptodira (tortoises, turtles)> |
| Family: Protostegidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Archelon. |
| Superorder: Lepidosauria (c1)> |
| Order: Squamata (c2)> |
| Superfamily: Mosasauroidea (d1)> |
| Family: Mosasauridae (d2)> |
| Tribe: Mosasaurini (e2)> |
| Genus (f2): Mosasaurus. |
| Suborder: Lacertilia (c3): lizards. |
| Suborder: Serpentes (c3): snakes. |
| Superorder: Sauropterygia (c1)> |
| Order: Nothosauroidea: nothosaurs (c2)> |
| Suborder: Pachypleurosauria (c3)> |
| Family: Pachypleurosauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Pachypleurosaurus. |
| Order: Plesiosauria (c2)> |
| Family: Elasmosauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Elasmosaurus. |
| Order: Placodontia (c2): placodonts. |
| Order: Plesiosauria (c2)> |
| Suborder: Pliosauroidea (c3): pliosaurs. |
| Superfamily: Plesiosauroidea: plesiosaurs. |
| Family: Pliosauridae (f2)> |
| Subfamily: Brachaucheninae (f3)> |
| Genus (f2): Kronosaurus. |
| |
| 23. SAUROPSIDA (b2) |
| Order: Araeoscelida (c2)> |
| Family: Araeoscelidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Araeoscelis (f2) |
| Superorder: Dinosauria (c1)> |
| Order: Ornithischia (c2)> |
| Family: Pisanosauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Pisanosaurus. |
| Suborder: Ankylosauria (c3)> |
| Family: Ankylosauridae (d2)> |
| Tribe: Ankylosaurini (e2)> |
| Genus (f2): Ankylosaurus. |
| Subfamily: Ankylosaurinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Euoplocephalus. |
| Suborder: Ceratopsia (c3)> |
| Superfamily: Ceratopsoidea (d1)> |
| Family (d2): Ceratopsidae. |
| Subfamily: Chasmosaurinae (d3)> |
| Tribe: Triceratopsini (e2)> |
| Genus (f2): Triceratops. |
| Suborder: Ornithopoda (c3)> |
| Family: Hadrosauridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Saurolophinae (d3)> |
| Tribe: Saurolophini (e2)> |
| Genus (f2): Saurolophus. |
| Tribe: Parasaurolophini (e2)> |
| Genus (f2): Parasaurolophus. |
| Family: Hypsilophodontidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Hypsilophodon. |
| Family: Iguanodontidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Iguanodon. |
| Suborder: Pachycephalosauria (c3)> |
| Family: Pachycephalosauridae (d2)> |
| Tribe: Pachycephalosaurini (e2)> |
| Genus (f2): Pachycephalosaurus. |
| Genus (f2): Stegoceras. |
| Suborder: Thyreophora (c3)> |
| Genus (f2): Lesothosaurus. |
| Family: Scelidosauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Scutellosaurus. |
| Family: Scelidosauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Scelidosaurus. |
| Infraorder: Stegosauria (c4)> |
| Family: Stegosauridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Stegosaurinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Stegosaurus. |
| Order: Pterosauria (c2)> |
| Suborder: Pterodactyloidea (c3)> |
| Family: Azhdarchidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Quetzalcoatlus. |
| Family: Pteranodontidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Pteranodontinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Pteranodon. |
| Family: Pterodactylidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Pterodactylus. |
| Family: Scleromochlidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Scleromochlus. |
| Suborder (c3): Rhamphorhynchoidea. |
| Order: Saurischia (c2)> |
| Suborder: Sauropodomorpha (c3)> |
| Family: Massospondylidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Massospondylus. |
| Family: Plateosauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Euskelosaurus. |
| Infraorder: Sauropoda (c4)> |
| Family: Diplodocidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Apatosaurinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Apatosaurus. |
| Genus (f2): Brontosaurus. |
| Subfamily: Diplodocinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Diplodocus. |
| Species (g2): Diplodocus hallorum. |
| Suborder: Theropoda (c3)> |
| Genus (f2): Sinornis. |
| Genus (f2): Eoraptor. |
| Genus(f2): Hesperornis. |
| Genus (f2): Ichthyornis. |
| Family: Archaeopterygidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Archaeopteryx. |
| Family: Allosauridae (f2)> |
| Subfamily (f3): Allosaurinae. |
| Family: Brachiosauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Brachiosaurus. |
| Family: Coelophysidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Coelophysis. |
| Family: Dilophosauridae (f2)> |
| Genus (f2): Dilophosaurus. |
| Family: Dromaeosauridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Dromaeosaurinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Deinonychus. |
| Family: Herrerasauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Herrerasaurus. |
| Genus (f2): Staurikosaurus. |
| Family: Mamenchisauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Mamenchisaurus. |
| Family: Tyrannosauridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Tyrannosaurinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Tyrannosaurus (f2)> |
| Species (g2: Tyrannosaurus rex. |
| Infraorder: Ornithomimosauria (c4)> |
| Family: Ornithomimidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Gallimimus. |
| Infraorder: Oviraptorosauria (c4)> |
| Family: Caudipteridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Caudipteryx. |
| Superorder: Crocodylomorpha (c1)> |
| Genus (f2): Terrestrisuchus. |
| Suborder: Protosuchia (c3)> |
| Family: Protosuchidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Notochampsa. |
| |
| 24. SYNAPSIDA (b2) |
| Order: Ichthyosauria: ichthyosaurs (c2)> |
| Family: Mixosauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Mixosaurus. |
| Family: Shonisauridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Shonisaurus. |
| Order: Pelycosauria (c2)> |
| Family: Ophiacodontidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Ophiacodon. |
| Family: Sphenacodontidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Sphenacodontinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Dimetrodon. |
| Order: Therapsida (c2)> |
| Suborder: Anomodontia (c3)> |
| Infraorder: Dicynodontia: dicynodonts. |
| Suborder: Cynodontia (c3): cynodonts. |
| Family: Megazostrodontidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Megazostrodon. |
| Suborder: Dinocephalia (c3)> |
| Family: Anteosauridae (d2): anteosaurs. |
| Family: Estemmenosuchidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Estemmenosuchus (f2) |
| Family: Tapinocephalidae (d2)> |
| Subtribe: Tapinocephalina (e3)> |
| Genus (f2): Tapinocephalus. |
| Suborder: Gorgonopsia (c3): gorgonopsids. |
| Suborder: Therocephalia: therocephalians. |
| |
| Mammalia (b2)> |
| NEOCORTEX |
| Prototheria (b3)> |
| 25. AUSTRALOSPHENIDA (b4)> |
| Order: Monotremata (c2)> |
| Family: Ornithorhynchidae: platypodes. |
| Suborder: Tachyglossa (c3)> |
| Family: Tachyglossidae (d2): echidnas. |
| |
| Theriiformes (b3)> |
| 26. MULTITUBERCULATA (c2)> |
| |
| Theria (b3)> |
| 27. CIMOLESTA (c2)> |
| Suborder (c3): Pantodonta. |
| Family: Coryphodontidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Coryphodon. |
| |
| 28. MARSUPIALIA (b4)> |
| Genus (f2): Tingamarra. |
| Superorder: Ameridelphia (c1)> |
| Order: Didelphimorphia (c2): opossums. |
| Order: Paucituberculata: shrew opossums. |
| Superorder: Australidelphia (c1)> |
| Order: Dasyuromorphia (c2)> |
| Family: Dasyuridae (d2)> |
| Tribe: Dasyurini (e2)> |
| Genus: Sarcophilus: Tasmanian devils. |
| Order: Diprotodontia (c2)> |
| Suborder: Macropodiformes (c3)> |
| Family: Macropodidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Macropus: kangaroos, wallabies. |
| Suborder: Vombatiformes (c3)> |
| Family: Phascolarctidae (d2): koalas. |
| Family: Vombatidae (d2): wombats. |
| Suborder: Phalangeriformes (c3): possums. |
| |
| Theria (b3)>Placentalia (b4)> |
| 29. AFROTHERIA (c1)> |
| Order: Afrosoricida: golden moles, tenrecs. |
| Order: Embrithopoda (c2)> |
| Family: Arsinoitheriidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Arsinoitherium. |
| Order: Hyracoidea (c2): hyraxes. |
| Order: Macroscelidea: elephant shrews. |
| Order: Proboscidea (c2)> |
| Family: Elephantidae (d2): elephants. |
| Species: Elephas maximus (g2)> |
| Subspecies (g3): Elephas maximus indicus. |
| Family: Gomphotheriidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Gomphotherium. |
| Family: Mammutidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Mammut |
| Family: Phiomiidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Phiomia |
| Family: Moeritheriidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Moeritherium. |
| Suborder: Deinotheroidea (c3)> |
| Family: Deinotheriidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Deinotheriinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Deinotherium (f2)> |
| Species (g2): Deinotherium giganteum. |
| Subfamily: Elephantinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Loxodonta (African) |
| Tribe: Elephantini (e2)> |
| Genus (f2): Mammuthus. |
| Order: Sirenia: sea cows (c2)> |
| Family: Dugongidae: dugongs (d2)> |
| Genus: Hydrodamalis (f2)> |
| Species (g2): Hydrodamalis gigas. |
| Family: Trichechidae (d2): manatees. |
| Order: Tubulidentata (c2): aardvarks. |
| |
| 30. XENARTHRA (c1)> |
| Order: Cingulata (c2): armadillos. |
| Order: Pilosa (c2)> |
| Suborder: Folivora (c3): sloths. |
| Suborder: Vermilingua (c3): anteaters. |
| |
| Laurasiatheria (c1)> |
| 31. ARTIODACTYLA (c2)> |
| EVEN-TOED UNGULATES |
| Genus (f2): Andrewsarchus. |
| Family (d2): Entelodontidae. |
| Genus (f2): Daeodon. |
| Suborder: Ruminantia (c3)>. |
| Infraorder: Pecora (c4)> |
| Family: Bovidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Aepycerotinae (d3): impalas. |
| Subfamily: Alcelaphinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Connochaetes (f2): wildebeests. |
| Subfamily: Antilopinae (d3)> |
| Tribe: Antilopini (e2)> |
| Genus: Gazella (f2): gazelles. |
| Subfamily: Bovinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Bison (f2): bison. |
| Tribe: Bovini (e2)> |
| Subtribe: Bubalina (e3): buffalos. |
| Genus: Bos (f2)> |
| Species: Bos taurus (g2): cattle. |
| Subtribe: Bovina (e3)> |
| Subfamily: Caprinae (d3): goat-antelopes. |
| Genus: Capra (f2): goats. |
| Genus: Oreamnos (f2): mountain goat. |
| Genus: Ovibos (f2)> |
| Species: Ovibos moschatus: musk oxen |
| Genus: Ovis (f2)> |
| Species: Ovis aries (g2): sheep. |
| Species: Ovis canadensis: bighorn sheep. |
| Tribe: Boselaphini (e2). |
| Genus (f2): Eotragus. |
| Subfamily: Cephalophinae (d3): duikers. |
| Subfamily: Reduncinae (d3): antelopes. |
| Family: Cervidae: deer (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Capreolinae (d3)> |
| Tribe: Rangiferini (e2)> |
| Genus: Rangifer (f2)> |
| Species (g2): Rangifer tarandus: reindeer |
| Subfamily: Cervinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Megaloceros (f2): giant deer. |
| Genus: Cervus (f2)> |
| Species (g2): Cervus canadensis: elk. |
| Family: Giraffidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Giraffa (f2): giraffes. |
| Genus: Okapia (f2): okapis. |
| Infraorder: Tragulina (c4)> |
| Family: Tragulidae (d2): mouse-deer. |
| Suborder: Suina (c3)> |
| Family: Suidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Porcula (f2): pygmy hogs. |
| Subfamily: Phacochoerinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Phacochoerus (f2): warthogs. |
| Subfamily: Suinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Sus (f2): pigs. |
| Species: Sus scrofa: wild boars (g2)> |
| Subspecies: S.s. domesticus: domestic pigs. |
| Family: Tayassuidae (d2): peccaries. |
| Suborder: Tylopoda (c3)> |
| Superfamily: Cameloidea (d1)> |
| Family: Camelidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Camelus (f2)> |
| Species: C. bactrianus: Bactrian camels. |
| Species: C. dromedarius: dromedaries. |
| Species: C. ferus: wild Bactrian camels. |
| Genus: Lama (f2): llamas. |
| Genus (f2): Stenomylus. |
| Genus: Vicugna (f2)> |
| Species: Vicugna pacos (g2): alpacas. |
| Superfamily: Merycoidodontoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Oreodontidae (d2> |
| Genus (f2): Oreodon. |
| Suborder: Whippomorpha (c3)> |
| Family: Hippopotamidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Hippopotamus (f2)> |
| Species: H. amphibious (g2): hippos. |
| Infraorder: Cetacea (c4)> |
| Superfamily: Delphinoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)> |
| Genus: Delphinus: common dolphins. |
| Genus: Orcinus (f2)> |
| Species: Orcinus orca: killer whales. |
| Family: Phocoenidae (d2): porpoises. |
| Superfamily: Physeteroidea (d1)> |
| Family: Physeteridae (d2)> |
| Genus: Physeter (f2)> |
| Species: P. macrocephalus: sperm whales. |
| Parvorder: Archaeoceti (c5)> |
| Family: Pakicetidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Pakicetus. |
| Parvorder: Mysticeti (c5): baleen whales. |
| Parvorder: Odontoceti: toothed whales. |
| |
| 32. CARNIVORA (c2)> |
| Superfamily: Miacoidea (d1)> |
| Family (d2): Miacidae. |
| Superfamily: Musteloidea (d1)> |
| Family: Mustelidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Mustelinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Martes (f2): martens. |
| Genus (f2): Mustela: weasels. |
| Suborder: Caniformia: dogs (c3)> |
| Family: Canidae (d2)> |
| Genus: Canis (f2)> |
| Species: Canis lupus: grey wolves (g2)> |
| Subspecies: Canis lupus familiaris: dogs. |
| Subfamily: Hesperocyoninae |
| Genus (f2): Hesperocyon. |
| Suborder: Feliformia: cats (c3)> |
| Family: Felidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Felinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Felis (f2)> |
| Species: Felis silvestris: wildcat (g2)> |
| Subspecies: F. s. catus: domestic cats. |
| Subfamily: Machairodontinae (d3)> |
| Tribe: Smilodontini (e2)> |
| Genus (f2): Smilodon. |
| Subfamily: Pantherinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Panthera: panthers (g2)> |
| Species: Panthera leo (g2): lions. |
| Species: Panthera onca (g2): jaguars. |
| Species: Panthera pardus (g2): leopards. |
| Species: Panthera tigris (g2): tigers. |
| Family: Herpestidae (d2): mongooses. |
| Subfamily: Proailurinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Proailurus. |
| Family: Nimravidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Hoplophoninae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Hoplophoneus. |
| Infraorder: Arctoidea (c4)> |
| Family: Ursidae (d2): bears. |
| Superfamily: Otarioidea (d1)> |
| Family: Odobenidae (d2): walruses. |
| Superfamily: Phocoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Phocidae (d2): seals. |
| Infraorder: Viverroidea (c4)> |
| Family: Hyaenidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Hyaeninae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Hyaenas |
| |
| 33. CHIROPTERA (c2): bats. |
| Family: Onychonycteridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Onychonycteris. |
| Suborder: Microchiroptera (c3)> |
| Family: Icaronycteridae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Icaronycteris (f2). |
| |
| 34. CONDYLARTHRA (c2) |
| |
| 35. CREODONTA (c2) |
| Family (d2): Hyaenodontidae. |
| Genus: Hyaenodon (f2)> |
| Species (g2): Hyaenoden gigas. |
| Family (d2): Oxyaenidae. |
| |
| 36. DINOCERATA (c2) |
| Family (d2): Uintatheriidae. |
| |
| 37. EULIPOTYPHLA (c2)> |
| Family: Erinaceidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Erinaceinae (d3): hedgehogs. |
| Subfamily: Hylomyinae (d3): gymnures. |
| Family: Soricidae (d2): shrews. |
| Family: Talpidae (d2): moles. |
| |
| 38. MESONYCHIA (c2) |
| |
| 39. PERISSODACTYLA (c2)> |
| ODD-TOED UNGULATES |
| Suborder: Ceratomorpha (c3)> |
| Superfamily: Rhinocerotoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Hyracodontidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Hyrachyinae (d1)> |
| Genus (f2): Hyrachyus. |
| Subfamily: Indricotheriinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Indricotherium. |
| Family: Rhinocerotidae (d2): rhinos. |
| Family: Tapiridae (d2): tapirs. |
| Suborder: Hippomorpha (c3)> |
| Family (d2): Brontotheriidae. |
| Family: Equidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Eohippus. |
| Subfamily: Anchitheriinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Mesohippus. |
| Subfamily: Equinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Merychippus. |
| Tribe: Equini (e2)> |
| Genus (f2): Equus. |
| Genus (f2): Pliohippus. |
| Family: Palaeotheriidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Hyracotherium. |
| Subgenus: Asinus (f3)> |
| Species: Equus africanus: African wild ass. |
| Subspecies: E. a. asinus (g3): domestic ass. Species: Equus hemionus: Asiatic wild ass. |
| Subgenus Dolichohippus (f3)> |
| Species: Equus grevyi (g2): Grevy’s zebra. |
| Subgenus: Equus (f3)> |
| Species: Equus ferus (g2)> |
| Subspecies: E. f. caballus: domestic horses. |
| Subgenus: Hippotigris (f3)> |
| Species: Equus quagga (g2): plains zebras. |
| Species: Equus zebra: mountain zebras. |
| |
| 40. PHOLIDOTA (c2): pangolins. |
| Euarchontoglires (c1)> |
| 41. DERMOPTERA (c2)> |
| Family: Cynocephalidae (d2): colugos. |
| |
| 42. LAGOMORPHA (c2)> |
| Family: Leporidae: rabbits (d2)> |
| Genus: Lepus (f2): hares, jackrabbits. |
| Family: Ochotonidae (d2): pikas. |
| |
| 43. PLESIADAPIFORMES c2)> |
| Superfamily: Plesiadapoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Plesiadapidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Plesiadapis. |
| |
| 44. PRIMATES (c2)> |
| Suborder: Haplorhini (c3)> |
| Infraorder: Tarsiiformes (c4)> |
| Family: Tarsiidae (d2): tarsiers. |
| Superfamily: Omomyoidea (d1)> |
| Family (d2): Omomyidae. |
| Infraorder: Simiiformes (c4)> |
| Family: Proconsulidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Proconsulinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Proconsul. |
| Parvorder: Platyrrhini (c5): New World monkeys. |
| Parvorder: Catarrhini (c5)> |
| Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys. |
| Superfamily: Hominoidea(d1)> |
| Family: Afropithecidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Afropithecus. |
| Family: Hominidae: great apes(d2)> |
| Subfamily: Kenyapithecinae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Kenyapithecus. |
| Subfamily: Homininae (d3)> |
| Tribe: Dryopithecini (e2)> |
| Genus (f2): Dryopithecus. |
| Tribe: Gorillini (e2)> |
| Genus: Gorilla (f2) |
| Tribe: Hominini (e2)> |
| Genus: Ardipithecus (f2)> |
| Species (f2): Ardipithecus ramidus. |
| Genus: Orrorin (f2)> |
| Species (g2): Homo rudolfensis. |
| Species (g2): Orrorin tugenensis. |
| Genus: Paranthropus (f2)> |
| Species (g2): Paranthropus aethiopicus. |
| Species (g2): Paranthropus boisei. |
| Species (g2): Paranthropus robustus. |
| Genus: Sahelanthropus (f2)> |
| Species (g2): Sahelanthropus tchadensis |
| Subtribe: Australopithecina (e3)> |
| Genus: Australopithecus (f2)> |
| Species (g2: Australopithecus afarensis. |
| Species: Australopithecus africanus. |
| Species: Australopithecus anamensis. |
| Subtribe: Hominina (e3)> |
| Genus: Homo (f2)> |
| Species (g2): Homo erectus. |
| Subspecies (g3): Homo erectus soloensis |
| Species (g2): Homo habilis. |
| Species (g2): Homo heidelbergensis. |
| Species (g2): Homo neanderthalensis. |
| Species (g2): Homo sapiens, |
| Subtribe: Panina (e3)> |
| Genus: Pan (f2): chimpanzees. |
| Subfamily: Ponginae (d3)> |
| Genus (f2): Gigantopithecus. |
| Genus: Pongo (f2): orangutans. |
| Genus (f2): Sivapithecus. |
| Family: Hylobatidae (d2): gibbons. |
| Superfamily: Propliopithecoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Propliopithecidae (d2)> |
| Genus (f2): Aegyptopithecus. |
| Suborder: Strepsirrhini (c3)> |
| Infraorder: Adapiformes (c4)> |
| Family: Adapidae (d2)> |
| Infraorder: Lemuriformes (c4)> |
| Superfamily: Lemuroidea (d1): lemurs. |
| Superfamily: Lorisoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Galagidae (d2): galagos. |
| Family: Lorisidae (d2): lorises. |
| |
| 45. RODENTIA (c2)> |
| Suborder: Anomaluromorpha (c3)> |
| Family: Anomaluridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Zenkerellinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Idiurus (f2): flying mice. |
| Suborder: Castorimorpha (c3)> |
| Superfamily: Castoroidea (d1)> |
| Family: Castoridae (d2)> |
| Genus: Castor (f2): beavers.Superfamily: Geomyoidea (d1)> |
| Family: Geomyidae (d2): gophers. |
| Suborder: Hystricomorpha (c3)> |
| Infraorder: Hystricognathi (c4)> |
| Family (d2): Hystricidae: OW porcupines. |
| Parvorder: Caviomorpha (c5)> |
| Family: Caviidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Caviinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Cavia (f2)> |
| Species: Cavia porcellus (g2): guinea pigs. |
| Superfamily: Erethizontoidea (d3)> |
| Family: Erethizontidae: NW porcupines. |
| Suborder: Myomorpha (c3)> |
| Superfamily: Muroidea (d1)> |
| Family: Cricetidae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Arvicolinae (d3)> |
| Tribe: Arvicolini (e2): voles. |
| Tribe: Lemmini (e2): lemmings. |
| Tribe: Ondatrini (e2): muskrats. |
| Family: Muridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Gerbillinae (d3): gerbils. |
| Subfamily: Murinae (d3)> |
| Genus: Mus (f2): mice. |
| Genus: Rattus (f2): rats. |
| Suborder: Sciuromorpha (c3)> |
| Family: Gliridae (d2): dormice. |
| Family: Sciuridae (d2)> |
| Subfamily: Sciurinae (d3): squirrels. |
| Tribe: Pteromyini (e2): flying squirrels. |
| |
| 46. SCANDENTIA (c2): treeshrews. |
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